The Holland Codes or the Holland Occupational Themes (RIASEC) refers to a theory of careers and vocational choice (based upon personality types) that was initially developed by American psychologist John L. Holland.
The US Department of Labor ETA has been using an updated and expanded version of the RIASEC model in the "Interests" section of its free online database, The Occupational Information Network (O*NET), since its inception during the late 1990s.
Video Holland Codes
Background
Holland's theories of vocational choice, The Holland Occupational Themes, "now pervades career counseling research and practice." Its origins "can be traced to an article in the Journal of Applied Psychology in 1958 and a subsequent article in 1959 that set out his theory of vocational choices [....] The basic premise was that one's occupational preferences were in a sense a veiled expression of underlying character." The 1959 article in particular ("A Theory of Vocational Choice," published in the Journal of Counseling Psychology) is considered the first major introduction of Holland's "theory of vocational personalities and work environments."
Holland originally labeled his six types as "motoric, intellectual, esthetic, supportive, persuasive, and conforming." He later developed and changed them to: Realistic (Doers), Investigative (Thinkers), Artistic (Creators), Social (Helpers), Enterprising (Persuaders), and Conventional (Organizers)." Professor John Johnson of Penn State suggested that an alternative way of categorizing the six types would be through ancient social roles: "hunters (Realistic), shamans (Investigative), artisans (Artistic), healers (Social), leaders (Enterprising), and lorekeepers (Conventional)."
According to the Committee on Scientific Awards, Holland's "research shows that personalities seek out and flourish in career environments they fit and that jobs and career environments are classifiable by the personalities that flourish in them." Holland also wrote of his theory that "the choice of a vocation is an expression of personality." Furthermore, while Holland suggests that people can be "categorized as one of six types," he also argues that "a six-category scheme built on the assumption that there are only six kinds of people in the world is unacceptable on the strength of common sense alone. But a six category scheme that allows a simple ordering of a person's resemblance to each of the six models provides the possibility of 720 different personality patterns."
Maps Holland Codes
List of types
R: Realistic (Doers)
People who like to work with "things" and are "assertive and competitive." They tend to focus on "activities requiring motor coordination, skill and strength" and "prefer to work a problem through by doing something, rather than talking about it, or sitting and thinking about it." They are also drawn to "concrete approaches to problem solving, rather than abstract theory" and "scientific" and "mechanical" areas, rather than "aesthetic" ones. Sample majors and careers include:
- Aerospace/Aeronautical Engineer (with Investigative)
- Agriculture
- Anthropology/Paleontology (with Investigative)
- Architect (with Artistic and Enterprising)
- Astronomy (with Investigative)
- Carpenter (with Conventional and Investigative)
- Chef (with Enterprising and Artistic)
- Chemistry/Chemist (with Investigative and Conventional)
- Computer engineering/Computer science/Information technology/Computer programmer (with Investigative and Conventional)
- Dance (with Artistic)
- Dentist (with Investigative and Social)
- Engineer (with Investigative and Conventional)
- Environmental science
- Fashion design (with Artistic and Enterprising)
- Fine Artist, Including Painter, Sculptor and Illustrator (with Artistic)
- Firefighter (with Social and Enterprising)
- Graphic designer (with Artistic and Enterprising)
- Interior design (with Artistic)
- Model (people) (with Artistic and Enterprising)
- Musician (with Artistic and Enterprising)
- Nurse (with Social, Conventional, and Investigative)
- Park Naturalist (with Social and Artistic)
- Personal trainer (with Enterprising and Social)
- Photographer (with Artistic and Enterprising)
- Physical therapy (with Social and Investigative)
- Driver
- Surgeon (with Investigative and Social)
- Veterinarian (with Investigative and Social)
- Web developer (with Conventional, Artistic, and Investigative)
- Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists (with Investigative)
I: Investigative (Thinkers)
People who prefer "to think and observe rather than act," and "to organize and understand information rather than to persuade." They are also drawn to working with "data" over working with "people." Sample majors and careers include:
- Actuary(with Conventional and Enterprising)
- Archivist/Librarian (with Social and Conventional)
- Carpenter (with Conventional and Realistic)
- Chemistry/Chemist (with Realistic and Conventional)
- College/University Faculty (with Enterprising and Social)
- Computer engineering/Computer science/Information technology/Computer programmer (with Realistic and Conventional)
- Counselor (with Social and Artistic)
- Dentist (with Realistic and Social)
- Dietitian/Nutritionist (with Social and Enterprising)
- Economics (with Conventional and social)
- Engineer (with Realistic and Conventional)
- Finance (with Enterprising and Conventional)
- Lawyer (with Enterprising and Social)
- Mathematician (with Artistic)
- Nurse (with Realistic, Conventional, and Social)
- Pharmacist (with Social and Conventional),
- Physical therapy (with Social and Realistic)
- Physician (Medical school/Medical research) (with Social)
- Physics
- Poets, Lyricists and Creative Writers (with Artistic)
- Psychology/Psychologist (with Social and Artistic)
- Social Work
- Surgeon (with Realistic and Social)
- Technical writer (with Artistic and Conventional)
- Tutor (with Social)
- Veterinarian (with Realistic and Social)
- Web developer (with Conventional, Realistic, and Artistic)
- Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists(with Realistic)
A: Artistic (Creators)
People who like to work with "ideas and things." They tend to be "creative, open, inventive, original, perceptive, sensitive, independent and emotional." They rebel against "structure and rules" and dislike "tasks involving people or physical skills." Sample majors and careers include:
- Architect (with Realistic and Enterprising)
- Broadcast journalism (with Enterprising)
- Clergy (with Social and Enterprising)
- Chef (with Enterprising and Realistic)
- Counselor (with Investigative and Social)
- Dance (with Realistic)
- Fashion design (with Realistic and Enterprising)
- Fine Artist, Including Painter, Sculptor and Illustrator (with Realistic)
- Graphic designer (with Enterprising and Realistic)
- Interior design(with Realistic)
- Model (people) (with Realistic and Enterprising)
- Musician (with Enterprising and Realistic)
- Park Naturalist (with Social and Realistic)
- Poets, Lyricists and Creative Writers (with Investigative)
- Psychology/Psychologist (with Social and Investigative); Art therapist/Dance therapy/Drama therapy/Music therapy (with social)
- Public relations (with Enterprising)
- Photographer (with Realistic and Enterprising)
- Teacher (with Social)
- Technical writer (with Investigative and Conventional)
- Trainer (business) (with Social and Conventional)
- Web developer (with Conventional, Realistic, and Investigative)
S: Social (Helpers)
People who like to work with "people" and who "seem to satisfy their needs in teaching or helping situations." They tend to be "drawn more to seek close relationships with other people and are less apt to want to be really intellectual or physical." Sample majors and careers include:
- Archivist/Librarian (with Conventional and Investigative)
- Clergy (with Artistic and Enterprising)
- College/University Faculty (with Enterprising and Investigative)
- Community Organizer
- Counselor (with Investigative and Artistic)
- Customer service (with Conventional and Enterprising)
- Dentist (with Investigative and Realistic)
- Dietitian/Nutritionist (with Investigative and Enterprising)
- Economics (with Investigative and Conventional)
- Education (Teacher/Counselor/Administration)
- Educational administration (with Enterprising and Conventional)
- Firefighter (with Realistic and Enterprising)
- Fitness Trainer and Aerobics Teacher (with Enterprising and Realistic)
- Foreign Service/Diplomacy (with Enterprising and Artistic)
- Human Resources (with Conventional and Enterprising)
- Lawyer (with Investigative and Enterprising)
- Nurse (with Realistic, Conventional, and Investigative)
- Park Naturalist (with Realistic and Artistic)
- Pharmacist (with Investigative and Conventional)
- Physical therapy (with Realistic and Investigative)
- Physician (Medical school/Medical research) (with Investigative)
- Psychology/Psychologist (with Investigative and Artistic)
- Social Advocate
- Sociology
- Social Work
- Surgeon (with Realistic and Investigative)
- Teacher (Early childhood education, Primary school, Secondary school, Teaching English as a second language, Special Ed, and Substitute teaching) (with Artistic)
- Trainer (business) (with Artistic and Conventional)
- Tutor (with Investigative)
- Veterinarian (with Investigative and Realistic)
E: Enterprising (Persuaders)
People who like to work with "people and data." They tend to be "good talkers, and use this skill to lead or persuade others." They are also drawn to high power situations, valuing "power, money and status." Sample majors and careers include:
- Actuary (with Investigative and Conventional)
- Architect (with Artistic and Realistic)
- Business
- Buyer
- Chef (with Realistic and Artistic)
- Clergy (with Artistic and Social)
- College/University Faculty (with Social and Investigative)
- Customer service (with Conventional and Social)
- Dietitian/Nutritionist (with Social and Investigative)
- Educational administration (with Social and Conventional)
- Entrepreneur
- Fashion design (with Artistic and Realistic)
- Finance (with Conventional and Investigative)
- Foreign Service/Diplomacy (with Social and Artistic)
- Firefighter (with Social and Realistic)
- Fitness Trainer and Aerobics Teacher (with Realistic and Social)
- Fundraising
- Graphic designer (with Artistic and Realistic)
- Human Resources (with Conventional and Social)
- Broadcast journalism (with Artistic)
- Lawyer (with Investigative and Social)
- Management/Management Consultant
- Market Research Analyst
- Model (people) (with Artistic and Realistic)
- Musician (with Artistic and Realistic)
- Photographer (with Artistic and Realistic)
- Public relations/Publicity/Advertising/Marketing (with Artistic)
- Real Estate (with Conventional)
- Sales (with Conventional and Social)
C: Conventional (Organizers)
People who prefer to work with "data" and who "like rules and regulations and emphasize self-control...they like structure and order, and dislike unstructured or unclear work and interpersonal situations." They also value "power" and "status." Sample majors and careers include:
- Accounting/Tax advisor
- Actuary (with Investigative and Enterprising)
- Archivist/Librarian (with Social and Investigative)
- Carpenter (with Realistic and Investigative)
- Chemistry/Chemist (with Investigative and Realistic)
- Computer engineering/Computer science/Information technology/Computer programmer (with Investigative and Realistic)
- Customer service (with Enterprising and Social)
- Economics (with Investigative and Social)
- Educational administration (with Social and Enterprising)
- Engineer (with Investigative and Realistic)
- Finance (with Enterprising and Investigative)
- Human Resources (with Enterprising and Social)
- Math teacher
- Nurse (with Realistic, Social, and Investigative)
- Pharmacist (with Social and Investigative),
- Real Estate (with Enterprising)
- Statistician(with Realistic and Investigative)
- Technical writer (with Artistic and Investigative)
- Trainer (business) (with Social and Artistic)
- Web developer (with Artistic, Realistic, and Investigative)
See also
- Strong Interest Inventory
Notes
Further reading
- Eikleberry, Carol; Pinsky, Carrie. The Career Guide for Creative and Unconventional People (Fourth Edition). Ten Speed Press, 2015.
- Holland, John L. Making vocational choices: a theory of careers. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1973.
- Streufert, Billie. "How Facebook can help you select a major or career," USA Today, September 26, 2015.
External links
Free Tests
- O*NET Interest Profiler (Holland Codes Quiz) - Occupational Information Network (O*NET): US Department of Labor/Employment and Training Administration
- Student Services: Holland Codes Quiz - Rogue Community College
- Take the Quiz - Sheridan College
Careers
- O*NET Holland Codes Interests Matched to Careers- Occupational Information Network (O*NET): US Department of Labor/Employment and Training Administration
- "Crack Your Holland Code" - Vermont Student Assistance Corporation
- "Find Your Field," New York Times, April 7, 2016
- "Green Careers Resource Guide (2007) by Jim Cassio" (Holland Codes, pages 9-10) - Colorado College
College Majors
- Holland Code and College Majors: College majors classified by Holland Themes - Central Oregon Community College
- Holland Code and College Majors: Some College Majors and Their Three Digit Holland Code - Central Oregon Community College
- Majors With Alphabetical List of Holland Codes - University of North Florida
- Career Services: Majors By Holland Code - University of Oklahoma
Source of article : Wikipedia
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