The Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) was developed in 1979 by Raskin and Hall, and since then, has become one of the most widely utilized personality measures for non-clinical levels of the trait narcissism. Since its initial development, the NPI has evolved from 220 items to the more commonly employed NPI-40 (1984) and NPI-16 (2006), as well as the novel NPI-1 inventory (2014). Derived from the DSM-III criteria for Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD), the NPI has been employed heavily by personality and social psychology researchers.
The NPI is not intended for use in diagnosing Narcissistic Personality Disorder. Rather, it is often said to measure "normal" or "subclinical" (borderline) narcissism (i.e., in people who score very high on the NPI do not necessarily meet all criteria for diagnosis with NPD).
Video Narcissistic Personality Inventory
Background
Items for the NPI were determined with the intention of use in a non-pathological setting and was based on the DSM-III criteria for NPD.
A 2015 study attempted to measure narcissism with a single item. Compared to the NPI, one advantage of the single-item measure is that it does not seem to conflate narcissism with normal, or healthy, self-esteem. While it correlates very well with the NPI, a criticism of the single-item examination is that it is not known exactly what aspects of narcissism it actually measures.
Maps Narcissistic Personality Inventory
Psychometric Properties
Applications
Criticisms of NPI
Many criticisms of the NPI call into question its validity. It has been shown that scores on the NPI are positively correlated with self-esteem, with some arguing that the test could be producing false-positives for healthy individuals. Others have argued that this outcome is expected and those expressing narcissistic traits would also express traits indicative of high self-esteem.
Alternatives of NPI
References
External links
- Online implementation of the Raskin and Terry (1988) NPI
Source of article : Wikipedia
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